05 Tidyverse

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.title[
# 05 Tidyverse
]
.subtitle[
## Elements of R e R Markdown
]
.author[
### Claudio Zandonella
]

---

# Tidyverse

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<img src="images/tidyverse-single.png" width="480" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

]

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---

# Tidyverse

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<img src="images/tidyverse-all.png" width="480" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

]

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<img src="images/r4ds-cover.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

https://r4ds.had.co.nz/
]

---
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# Data Wrangling

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### tibble

- `tibble()`
- `as_tibble()`

```r
as_tibble(mtcars)
```
<PRE class="fansi fansi-output"><CODE>## # A tibble: 32 × 11
## mpg cyl disp hp drat wt
## &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt; &lt;dbl&gt;
## 1 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62
## 2 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.88
## 3 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.32
## 4 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.22
## 5 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.44
## # … with 27 more rows, and 5 more
## # variables: qsec &lt;dbl&gt;, vs &lt;dbl&gt;,
## # am &lt;dbl&gt;, gear &lt;dbl&gt;, carb &lt;dbl&gt;
</CODE></PRE>

]

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### readr
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- `read_csv()`
- `read_csv2()`
- `read_delim()`
- `read_tsv()`
]

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- `write_csv()`
- `write_csv2()`
- `write_delim()`
- `write_tsv()`
]

### Pipes

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- magrittr `%>%`

```r
mtcars %>% 
  group_by(cyl) %>% 
  count()
```

]

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- native R `|>`

```r
mtcars |>
  group_by(cyl) |>
  count()
```
]

]

---
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# Data Wrangling

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### dplyr

Manipulate Columns

- `mutate()`, compute new columns
- `rename()`, rename columns
- `select()`, select columns

Manipulate Rows

- `filter()`, select rows by logical criteria
- `slice()`, select rows by position
- `arrange()`, order rows

Group Cases

- `group_by()`, group by columns values
- `ungroup()`, return ungrouped data
]

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.color-white[
### dplyr
]

Summarise Cases

- `summarise()`, compute by group values
- `count()`, get size groups

Combine Tables

- `bind_cols()`, bind tibble by columns
- `bind_rows()`, bind tibble by rows

### tidyr

- `pivot_longer()`, from wide to long data
- `pivot_wider()`, from long to wide data

]

---
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# Data Wrangling

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### forcats

- `fct_relevel()`, manually reorder factor levels
- `fct_reorder()`, reorder levels by other variable
- `fct_rev()`, reverse level order
- `fct_recode()`, manually change labels

### stringr

- `str_detect()`, detect match in string
- `str_count()`, count matches in string
- `str_replace()`, replace first match
- `str_replace_all()`, replace all matches
- `str_extract()`, return first match
- `str_extract_all()`, return all matches
- `str_split()`, split string by pattern

]

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### lubridate

Types of data/time data

- *date*, number of days since 1970-01-01
- *date-time*, number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

Time spans:

- *Durations*, record exact number of seconds 
- *Periods*, record time in *“human”* units
- *Intervals*, spans between a precise points

### purrr

- `map()` apply function to each element
- `map2()` apply function to pairs of elements
- `pmap()` apply function to groups of elements
]
---
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# ggplot2

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```r
ggplot(data = , aes())
```

### Geoms

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One variable

- `geom_density()`
- `geom_histogram()`
- `geom_bar()`

Two variables

- `geom_point()`
- `geom_line()`
- `geom_boxplot()`
- `geom_violin()`
- `geom_density_2d()`
]
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Other

- `geom_ribbon()`
- `geom_rug()`
- `geom_text()`
- `geom_errorbar()`

Aes and options

- `color`/`fill`
- `linetype` 
- `shape`
- `size`
- `alpha`
]
]

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### Other Settings
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Facets

- `facet_grid()`
- `facet_wrap()`

Scales

- `scale_*_continous()`
- `scale_*_discrete()`
- `scale_*_manual()`

Coordinate

- `xlim()`/`ylim()`
- `lims()`
- `coord_cartesian()`
- `coord_flip()`

]
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Labels and legend

- `xlab()`/`ylab()`
- `ggtitle()`
- `labs()`
- `annotate()`
- `guides()`

Themes

- `theme_bw()`
- `theme_classic()`
- `theme_minimal()`
- `theme_void()`
- `theme(<custom>)`
]
]

---
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# ggplot2

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```r
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = mpg)) +
  ggdist::stat_halfeye(
    adjust = .5, .width = 0, 
    justification = -.2, point_colour = NA,
    fill = "#46ACC8", alpha = .7
    ) +
  geom_boxplot(
    fill = "#46ACC8", alpha = .4, width = .25
    colour = "#46ACC8", outlier.shape = NA
    ) +
  geom_point(
    aes(y = 0), size = 1.3,alpha = .3,
    position = position_jitter(seed = 1,
                               height = .1)
    ) +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(axis.title.y = element_blank(),
        axis.line.y = element_blank(),
        axis.text.y = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y = element_blank())
```
]
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<img src="05-R-tidyverse_files/figure-html/exmple-ggplot-1.png" width="95%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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---
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# Thanks!